Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is the most common form of scoliosis occurring during the growth period and is associated with significant alterations in postural balance compared with healthy peers. Prior research has shown that adding sensorimotor or balance-focused training to scoliosis-specific exercises may produce greater improvements in postural control and overall balance function than scoliosis-specific exercises alone. However, no study has previously investigated the effects of feedback-based balance training using a multi-axial platform with real-time biofeedback (the HUBER® 360 Evolution system) in this population. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of adding HUBER® 360-based feedback balance training to individualized conservative scoliosis-specific exercises on postural balance, postural symmetry, and health-related quality of life in adolescents with AIS. The intervention protocol consists of 12 sessions delivered over 4 weeks, three sessions per week. Each session comprises 40 minutes of individualized scoliosis-specific exercises (identical between arms) followed by 30 minutes of balance training that differs between arms: HUBER® 360-based feedback balance training in the intervention arm, and physiotherapist-supervised conventional balance exercises (without device-based feedback) in the active comparator arm. Outcomes are assessed at three time points: T0 (baseline, week 0), T1 (immediately post-intervention, week 4), and T2 (12-week follow-up, week 16 from baseline). The primary outcome is the Stability Index measured using the TecnoBody ProKin stabilometric platform. Secondary outcomes include additional static and dynamic balance parameters (sway area, sway velocity, Limits of Stability), health-related quality of life assessed using the Scoliosis Research Society-22 Patient Questionnaire (SRS-22), postural asymmetry assessed using the DIERS Formetric 4D rasterstereography system, and single-leg stance time for the right and left legs separately.
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Change in Stability Index measured by the TecnoBody balance system
Timeframe: Baseline (T0), immediately post-intervention (T1, week 4), and at 12-week follow-up (T2, week 16)