Saudi Emergency Laparotomy Audit

Inclusion Criteria: * Age ≥14 years * Undergoing an emergency (E1-E4) laparotomy, laparoscopy, or laparoscopically-assisted abdominal operation * Procedures involving the stomach, small bowel, large bowel, or rectum for acute pathology (e.g., perforation, ischemia, abscess, bleeding, or obstruction) * Washout/evacuation of intra-peritoneal abscess or hematoma (excluding those secondary to appendicitis or cholecystitis) * Bowel resection or repair for obstructed/incarcerated hernias with acute presentation (incisional, umbilical, inguinal, femoral) * Adhesiolysis (open or laparoscopic) * Trauma-related emergency abdominal procedures * Inoperable pathology where a definitive operative procedure was intended (not purely diagnostic) * Return to theatre for major wound dehiscence ("burst abdomen") * Complications requiring general surgical intervention following interventional radiology procedures * Complications requiring general surgical intervention following gynecological oncology surgery * Complications following elective or non-elective general/upper GI surgery, where the above criteria are met Exclusion Criteria: * Age \<14 years * Elective laparotomy or laparoscopy * Diagnostic-only laparotomy or laparoscopy (unless abandoned due to inoperable disease) * Appendicectomy or cholecystectomy (including their complications), unless incidental to a more major non-elective gastrointestinal procedure * Non-elective hernia repair without bowel resection or adhesiolysis * Minor w…