Comparison of Posterior QLB and QIPB in Pediatric Undescended Testis Surgery.

Inclusion Criteria: * Male pediatric patients aged 1-7 years. * ASA physical status I or II. * Scheduled for unilateral undescended testis surgery. * Written informed consent obtained. Exclusion Criteria: * History of neurological deficit or developmental delay. * Bleeding diathesis or known coagulopathy. * History of allergy to local anesthetics. * Infection or skin lesion at the block injection site. * Congenital spinal anomaly. * Mental retardation or psychiatric history. * Liver or kidney dysfunction.