The Effect of Mindfulness-Based Childbirth Education on Fear of Birth, Prenatal Stress, and Childbirth Self-Efficacy

Inclusion Criteria: * Pregnant women aged 18 years or older * Gestational age between 28 and 38 weeks * Primiparous (first pregnancy) * Able to understand and speak Turkish * No communication problems that would hinder participation * No high-risk pregnancy as determined by a physician * Able to read and write * Willing to participate in the study and providing informed consent Exclusion Criteria: * • Pregnant women with high-risk pregnancies (history of antepartum bleeding, intrauterine growth restriction, placenta previa, membrane rupture, preeclampsia, hypertension, diabetes, or other medical conditions, fetal anomalies, or any contraindication to normal vaginal delivery, substance or alcohol dependence) * pregnant women with a diagnosed psychiatric illness or who have undergone psychotherapy or medication treatment in the last six months, * pregnant women who have previously participated in childbirth preparation classes, * pregnant women with experience in yoga and meditation before or during pregnancy, * pregnant women with chronic illnesses, * pregnant women who are foreign nationals.