This study aimed to evaluate the role of the mamelon effect on the perception of smile esthetics. A single portrait image was digitally modified by using the Photoshop CC (Adobe, USA) software program to create the mamelon effects at the incisal edge of maxillary incisors. Length (cervico-incisal) and value (level of gray color) were the variables in the modified images. There were two length (1mm and 3mm) and two value (low value, LV and high value, HV) modifications performed for the central incisors (2 teeth) and for the central and lateral incisors together (4 teeth). Eight full-face and 8 close-up images were created by cropping the modified images. In total 18 images (including the original ones) were evaluated by the participants. 135 participants (45 dentists, 45 specialists, and 45 laypeople) contributed to an online survey to evaluate the digitally modified images by using a visual analog scale ranging from 0 - 100, according to their level of attractiveness. The data were analyzed using Bonferroni Pairwise Comparisons. The results were presented as average±standard deviation. The deemed significance was set at \<.050.
Who can participate
Age range
18 Years – 70 Years
Sex
ALL
See this in plain English?
AI-rewrites the medical criteria so a patient or caregiver can understand them. Always confirm with the trial site.
Inclusion Criteria:
* Age ≥18 years
* Ability to understand the study information and provide informed consent
* Participation on a voluntary basis
* Completion of the online survey only once
* Belonging to one of the following observer groups:
* Laypersons with no dental education
* Licensed dentists
* Dental specialists in Restorative Dentistry or Prosthodontics
Exclusion Criteria:
* Age \<18 years
* Inability to understand the study information or provide informed consent
* Incomplete survey response
* Multiple survey submissions by the same participant
* Participation outside the predefined observer groups
* People with mental illness
Questions worth asking your doctor
Bring these to your next appointment. They're a starting point for a shared conversation — not a sign you qualify or a recommendation to enrol.
1Based on my diagnosis and history, is this trial worth exploring for me — or is there a standard treatment we should try first?
2What does this trial's phase tell us about how much is already known about its safety and benefit?
3What would taking part actually involve for me — visits, tests, time, and travel?
4What are the known and possible risks or side effects I should weigh, and how would they be monitored?
5If this trial isn't the right fit, what other options or trials would you suggest I look into?
Generated to help you prepare — always confirm anything about your own eligibility and care with the study team and your doctor.
Questions for the trial coordinator
The trial coordinator is the person who runs the study day to day. These cover the practical side — logistics, costs, and what taking part would actually mean for your life. The study team confirms whether you meet the criteria; these are questions to ask, not a sign you qualify.
1What does taking part actually involve week to week — how many visits, where, and how long does each one take?
2What costs are covered by the study, and what might I have to pay for myself, including travel, parking, or time off work?
3What happens during screening, and what happens if the study team confirms I don't meet the criteria after those tests?
4Who pays for the scans, blood work, and other tests the trial requires — the study, my insurance, or me?
5How will being in the trial affect my regular care, and will my own doctor stay informed and involved?
6Can I leave the trial at any point if I change my mind, and what would happen to my care if I do?
A starting point for the conversation — always confirm anything about your own eligibility, costs, and care with the study team and your doctor.
What they're measuring
1
Perception of smile esthetics with different incisal mamelon configurations