Background. Almost two thirds of adolescents experience a mental disorder before the age of 25. Among mental disorders, depression is one of the most common among young people aged between 15 to 24, with a prevalence of 13.5% to 15.8% worldwide and 13.2% in Hong Kong, which is alarming. Cognitive behavioural therapy and online cognitive behavioural therapy has been shown to be effective on reducing depression. Also, online cognitive behavioural therapy has also been shown to be useful for people with mild to moderate depression. However, there is a lack of an effective short-term online cognitive behavioural therapy for adolescents with depression, named online cognitive behavioural therapy in Hong Kong. Objectives: This study aims to explore the efficacy and effectiveness of a short-term online cognitive behavioural therapy for adolescents with depressive symptoms. Hypothesis: i. The online cognitive behavioural therapy, as compared to an online relaxation program, is significantly more effective on improving mental health, including reducing anxiety and depressive symptoms, and increasing psychological well-being for participants. iii. The treatment outcomes, as stated in (i), are predicted by individual's uptake, adherence and dropout rate of online cognitive behavioural therapy. Research Design. A multicentre blinded randomized controlled two-arm parallel-group trial will be adopted. Participating adolescents will be recruited from collaborating secondary schools. Using block randomization, subjects will be assigned in a 1:1 ratio to an online cognitive behavioural therapy and an online relaxation program. Both online cognitive behavioural therapy and online relaxation program will provide six online modules for participants to learn through computer and/or smartphone. Participants will complete the same online assessment tools at pre-intervention, post-intervention, and 2-month follow-up periods. Subjects Inclusion Criteria. Subjects inclusion criteria includes: (a) aged between 12 and 18 years old; (b) students of a local collaborating secondary school; (c) having mild to moderate depressive symptoms as assessed with a standardized assessment tool, i.e. Chinese Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-Y; Cao et al., 2023) with a DASS Depression score of between 7 and 13; and (d) provide parental consent. Those with severe depression or at risk of suicide are excluded from this study. Significance: This study aims to make a significant contribution to the development of an online cognitive behavioural therapy for Chinese adolescents with depressive symptoms. In particular, the online cognitive behavioural therapy could be used in secondary schools to serve those students with mental health problems who are reluctant to seek help from traditional face-to-face counselling.
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Chinese Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-Y)
Timeframe: DASS-Y will be used before intervention, after 6 weeks intervention, and 2-month follow-up.