Efficacy of Craniosacral Therapy in Patients With Gonarthrosis

Inclusion Criteria: * Age between forty and eighty-five years * Diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis * Ability to understand the study procedures and provision of written informed consent Exclusion Criteria: * Consumption of caffeine within the last four hours or use of tobacco within the last forty-eight hours prior to assessment * Use of alcohol or recreational drugs within the last week * Eating within two hours before the assessment * History of neuropathic disorders * History of unexplained syncope episodes * Inability to move independently * Presence of uncontrolled medical conditions, such as cardiac (e.g., angina) or respiratory (e.g., asthma) diseases * Presence of neurological disorders, including Parkinson's disease or multiple sclerosis * History of vascular surgery or open knee surgery, or receipt of a knee injection within the last one month * Presence of somatic dysfunction symptoms or musculoskeletal injuries that may interfere with assessments * Diagnosis of pregnancy, sarcopenia, cognitive impairment, or osteoporosis * Any medical condition affecting the autonomic nervous system or immune system, including autonomic neuropathy, pure autonomic failure, autoimmune diseases, or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome