This randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the effects of velocity-based resistance training on renal function and metabolic health in kidney transplant recipients. Participants will be randomized into two groups performing resistance training at different execution velocities (maximal intended vs. submaximal controlled). The intervention will last 12 weeks and include multi-joint exercises (squat, bench press, military press). Primary outcomes include renal function (serum creatinine, eGFR, blood urea nitrogen, uric acid) and metabolic markers (HDL, triglycerides, glucose, waist circumference, blood pressure). Secondary outcomes include muscle strength, force-velocity profile, anthropometry, physical activity, fitness perception, and adherence to immunosuppressive medication.
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Serum creatinine (mg/dL) - change from baseline
Timeframe: Baseline and week 13 (after completion of 12-week intervention)
Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m²) - change from baseline
Timeframe: Baseline and week 13 (after completion of 12-week intervention)
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN, mg/dL) - change from baseline
Timeframe: Baseline and week 13 (after completion of 12-week intervention)
Serum Uric Acid (mg/dL)
Timeframe: Baseline and week 13 (after completion of 12-week intervention)
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) - change from baseline
Timeframe: Baseline and week 13 (after completion of 12-week intervention)
Triglycerides (mg/dL) - change from baseline
Timeframe: Baseline and week 13 (after completion of 12-week intervention)
Fasting glucose (mg/dL) - change from baseline
Timeframe: Baseline and week 13 (after completion of 12-week intervention)
Waist circumference (cm) - change from baseline
Timeframe: Baseline and week 13 (after completion of 12-week intervention)
Metabolic Risk Index (z-score composite)
Timeframe: Baseline and week 13 (after completion of 12-week intervention)