Long-term Outcomes and Risk Factors of Local Re-Recurrence in Patients

Inclusion Criteria: * (1). Patients had undergone curative-intent resection for a histologically confirmed primary rectal or rectosigmoid adenocarcinoma. A disease-free interval ≥1 months was required to distinguish subsequent local recurrence from persistent disease; * (2). LRRC located within the true pelvis or at the pelvic brim, confirmed by radiological imaging (e.g., MRI, CT, PET-CT) and/or pathological verification; * (3). Patients who underwent radical salvage surgery (R0/R1) for LRRC. No evidence of residual disease or early second recurrence was observed within 1 months after salvage surgery. * (4). Availability of complete clinicopathological and treatment-related data. Exclusion Criteria: * (1). History of synchronous or metachronous other primary malignancies; * (2). R2 resection for LRRC; * (3). Presence of uncontrollable synchronous distant metastasis at the time of either primary tumor treatment or LRRC diagnosis; * (4). Patients lost to follow-up or lacking essential survival data.