The Predictability of Directly Printed Versus Thermoformed Clear Aligners

Inclusion Criteria: * Patients with mild to moderate malocclusion that can be treated by less than 40 steps of aligner treatment, including those with dental rotation of \< 30°, diastema or crowding of \< 8 mm. * Patients aged ≥ 16 years with fully erupted permanent teeth (regardless of the third molar). * No supernumerary teeth, no enamel malformation. * No tooth shape anomalies Exclusion Criteria: * Systemic pathologies such as uncontrolled diabetes or heart diseases * active or past periodontal disease * previous orthodontic treatment * temporomandibular joint disorders * ongoing pharmacological treatment could influence orthodontic treatment.