This observational study aims to compare two techniques for closing the common bile duct incision (choledochotomy) after laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE) with T-tube drainage. Interrupted suturing is commonly used, but it can be time-consuming during laparoscopic surgery. A modified continuous suturing approach may improve efficiency while maintaining safety. We will retrospectively review patients who underwent LCBDE with T-tube drainage at our institution. Patients will be grouped according to the choledochotomy closure technique used during routine clinical care (modified continuous suturing versus conventional interrupted closure). To reduce baseline differences between groups, propensity score matching based on preoperative and intraoperative characteristics will be applied. The primary outcome is choledochotomy closure time. Secondary outcomes include total operative time and perioperative safety outcomes, such as bile leakage and other postoperative complications, as well as short-term postoperative recovery indicators. This study will provide comparative evidence on operative efficiency and safety of continuous versus interrupted choledochotomy closure in the setting of LCBDE with T-tube drainage.
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Choledochotomy Closure Time
Timeframe: Closure time is measured intraoperatively during the procedure and recorded once closure is complete.