Clinical and Genetic Aspects in Fetuses and Children With Sex Chromosome Disorders

Inclusion Criteria for pregnant participants in case group: Age ≥18 years Fetus with a genetically verified sex chromosome disorder Written informed consent Inclusion Criteria for pregnant participants in control group: Age ≥18 years Normal first- and second-trimester ultrasound examinations Fetal growth within the normal range Written informed consent Inclusion Criteria for mothers in the case group: Age ≥18 years at the time of pregnancy with the child Child with a genetically verified sex chromosome disorder Written informed consent Inclusion Criteria for mothers in the control group: Age ≥18 years at the time of pregnancy with the child Normal first- and second-trimester ultrasound examinations during the pregnancy Normal fetal growth during the pregnancy Written informed consent Inclusion Criteria for children in the case group: If parents share joint custody, written informed consent must be obtained from both parents Ability to undergo a physical examination Child with a genetically verified sex chromosome disorder (prenatally or postnatally diagnosed) Inclusion Criteria for children in the control group: If parents share joint custody, written informed consent must be obtained from both parents Ability to undergo a physical examination Exclusion Criteria for all groups: Severe claustrophobia Implanted magnetic material contraindicating MRI