Clinical Study of 18F-Exendin-4 in Insulinoma

Inclusion Criteria: * biochemically confirmed hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia (plasma glucose \< 3.0 mmol/L, insulin \> 3 μIU/mL, C-peptide \> 0.6 ng/mL) * surgical or biopsy-confirmed insulinoma or non-insulinoma pancreatogenous hypoglycemia syndrome, with definitive clinical diagnosis at discharge and comprehensive evaluation for hypoglycemia etiology during hospitalization. Exclusion Criteria: * unknown etiology of hypoglycemia at last follow-up * patients clinically diagnosed with insulinoma but without subsequent surgical intervention or biopsy