Evaluating the Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Luspatercept Combined With Thalidomide in the Treatment of β-TDT Patients

Inclusion Criteria: * Age ≥ 18 years, regardless of gender; * Patients with transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia; * Intended treatment with rotecept combined with low-dose thalidomide or rotecept alone; * Requires regular red blood cell transfusions (6-30 RBC units (International Units) within 24 weeks prior to randomization, with a transfusion-free interval of ≤ 42 days); * ECOG performance status 0-1; * Patients (or legal guardians) voluntarily participate in the study and provide signed informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: * A diagnosis of α-thalassemia minor, Hb Bart's edema, hemoglobin S/β-thalassemia, or myelodysplastic anemia (combination of β-thalassemia and α-thalassemia is permitted); * Anemia related to nutritional deficiency, anemia of chronic disease, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, or any other hemolytic anemia (e.g., severe G6PD deficiency, pyruvate kinase deficiency); * A bleeding disorder manifesting as frequent bleeding (e.g., menorrhagia, epistaxis, coagulopathy); * Hemolysis unrelated to thalassemia within the past 8 weeks, such as after use of hemolytic-inducing medications (e.g., antimalarials, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs \[NSAIDs\]); * Use of long-term anticoagulant therapy, unless discontinued at least 28 days before randomization. Prophylactic anticoagulant therapy for surgery or high-risk procedures, as well as low-molecular-weight heparin and long-term aspirin therapy for superficial venous thrombosis, are permitted. * Use of thalidomide al…