This prospective randomized controlled trial aims to compare the clinical effectiveness and safety of opioid-free anesthesia (OFA) versus traditional opioid-based anesthesia (OBA) in adult patients undergoing laparoscopic bariatric surgery. The study evaluates postoperative pain, need for rescue analgesia, incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), intraoperative nociception monitoring (NOL index), and patient satisfaction. A total of 60 patients were randomized into two parallel groups receiving either OFA or OBA according to standardized anesthetic protocols.
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Postoperative Pain Intensity Measured by the Numerical Rating Scale for Pain (NRS)
Timeframe: Time Frame: - Within 30 minutes of arrival at the Post-Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU); - At PACU discharge (assessed up to 2 hours after PACU admission); - Within the first 24 postoperative hours; - 48 hours postoperatively (at hospital discharge).