Based on the Spatio-temporal Coding Characteristics of Frontotemporal Network, This Paper Explores the Mechanism of Five-tone Speech Training in Reshaping Language Fluency Function.

Eligibility Criteria Inclusion Criteria: Age between 18 and 70 years Right-handed Native Chinese speakers Clinical diagnosis of post-stroke aphasia caused by ischemic stroke, confirmed by CT or MRI Diagnosis of non-fluent aphasia based on the Western Aphasia Battery (WAB), with BDAE severity rating of 1-5 Time since stroke onset ≥ 2 weeks Stable vital signs, clear consciousness, and no severe cognitive impairment Ability to understand the study procedures and provide written informed consent (or consent provided by a legally authorized representative) Exclusion Criteria: History of aphasia or neurological disease not caused by stroke (e.g., traumatic brain injury, brain tumor, neurodegenerative diseases) Severe visual or auditory impairments that would interfere with task performance Severe cognitive impairment or disorders of consciousness preventing cooperation with language assessment or intervention Severe dysarthria or apraxia of speech that precludes valid language assessment History of epilepsy or other severe neurological conditions Severe systemic diseases (e.g., severe cardiopulmonary dysfunction, renal failure, hepatic failure, malignancy) Psychiatric disorders (e.g., schizophrenia, severe depression, or other major psychiatric illnesses) Contraindications to MRI or fNIRS assessment (e.g., metallic implants, severe claustrophobia)