Correlation Between Advanced Glycation End Products and Gastric Motility Disorder in Diabetes Gastroparesis

Inclusion Criteria for diabetes gastroparesis group: * Meet the diagnostic criteria for diabetes * Presence of symptoms (see assessment of Gastroparesis Cardinal Symptom Index) * Age range from 18 to 75 years old * Voluntarily participate and sign an informed consent form Inclusion Criteria for control group: * No history of diabetes * No symptoms (see assessment of Gastroparesis Cardinal Symptom Index) * Age range from 18 to 75 years old * Voluntarily participate and sign an informed consent form Exclusion Criteria for diabetes gastroparesis group and control group: * Currently taking prokinetic drugs, anticholinergic drugs, and dopamine drugs that may affect gastric motility * Has a history of gastrointestinal surgery * Pregnant or preparing to conceive * There are neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease that affect gastrointestinal function * Outlet obstruction caused by organic lesions in the pylorus