Effects of Music Therapy on Anesthetic Requirements and Hemodynamic Parameters

Inclusion Criteria: * Age 18 and over, * American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification I-III, * No hearing acuity, * Volunteer to participate in the study, * Cooperative and oriented, * No history of psychiatric illness and/or psychiatric medication use, Exclusion Criteria: * Patients who were under 18 years, * ASA classification \>III, * had hearing loss, * had a psychiatric diagnosis and/or were taking antipsychotic/antidepressant/mood stabilizer medications, * were uncooperative (dementia, mental retardation, etc.), * Major complications during the intraoperative or postoperative period, (respiratory failure, hemodynamic instability, hypoxia, serious arrhythmia, cardiac arrest, etc.) * Emergency surgery, * had a history of alcohol or drug abuse, * did not speak Turkish, * did not consent to participate in the study.