Effects of Watson's Human Caring Theory-Based Nursing Care on Fear of Childbirth and Birth Experience

Inclusion Criteria: * Pregnant women ≥18 years, at 37-41 weeks of gestation, Pregnant women in the active phase of labor (cervical dilation ≥ 3 cm). Pregnant women who presented with spontaneous labor were directed to vaginal de-livery after physician evaluation. Pregnant women carrying a single fetus in a vertex presentation. Pregnant women with an estimated fetal weight between 2500 4000 grams. Pregnant women undergo regular uterine contractions characteristic of the active phase. Pregnant women who are literate in Turkish. Exclusion Criteria: * Pregnant women younger than 18 years. Pregnant women older than 45 years. Pregnant women with multiple pregnancies. Pregnant women with a history of in vitro fertilization (IVF). Pregnant women in the latent phase with cervical dilation \< 3 cm. Pregnant women who received spinal, epidural, or general anesthesia during la-bor. Pregnant women with a previous cesarean section (C/S). Pregnant women with a history of uterine surgery. Pregnant women whose delivery resulted in an emergency cesarean section. Pregnant women diagnosed with a mental disorder. Pregnant women showing signs of tokophobia (clinical fear of childbirth. Pregnant women who were separated from their newborn baby for medical reasons after delivery. Pregnant women with a history of preeclampsia. Pregnant women with premature rupture of membranes (PROM). Pregnant women with placenta anomalies (placenta previa, placental abruptio, etc.). Pregnant women with chron…