Multicenter Clinical Randomized Controlled Trial of Unilateral Biportal Endoscopic Spinal Surgery for Degenerative Grade 1 Spondylolisthesis Complicated With Lumbar Spinal Stenosis

Inclusion Criteria Imaging findings: Single-segment Grade Ⅰ lumbar spondylolisthesis complicated with central spinal canal stenosis on imaging examinations; Clinical manifestations: Accompanied by intermittent claudication, radiating pain and numbness of the lower extremities, and other relevant neurological symptoms; Treatment history: No relief of symptoms after more than 3 months of conservative treatment; Informed consent: The patient and their family members are fully informed of the trial details, have signed the informed consent form, and agree to participate in the trial. Exclusion Criteria Severe spondylolisthesis: Lumbar spondylolisthesis of Grade Ⅱ or higher; Non-degenerative or unstable conditions: Non-degenerative lumbar spine diseases, or significant confirmed lumbar instability; Special pathological or surgical history: Complicated with lumbar spine infection, tumor, trauma, or deformity; or with a history of previous lumbar spine surgery; Systemic comorbidities: Complicated with other systemic diseases that may significantly affect surgical efficacy (such as rheumatoid arthritis, severe osteoporosis, and severe mental illness).