The aim of this study is to examine how the number of daily eating occasions and the timing of energy intake influence gut microbiome composition in both morbidly obese and non-obese individuals. The analysis is based on baseline data from a case-control study involving 11 non-obese and 23 morbidly obese adults. Participants were excluded if they were younger than 19 or older than 65 years, had an acute or chronic inflammatory condition, had been diagnosed with an infectious disease, cancer, or alcohol dependence, or had used antibiotics within the three months prior to screening.
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Gut microbial profiles of participants
Timeframe: Baseline
Meal frequency of participants
Timeframe: Baseline
Total daily energy intake
Timeframe: Baseline
Distribution of energy intake by time of day
Timeframe: Baseline