Pneumothorax Safety of Pleural-Depth-Trimmed Hookwires for Lung Nodule Localization

Inclusion Criteria: * Consecutive series of patients who underwent Preoperative Computed Tomography-Guided Lung Nodule Localization (POCTGL) at our medical center between September 2015 and January 2022. * All included procedures were performed in patients who subsequently underwent Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS) lung resection on the same day. Exclusion Criteria For the primary Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) analysis: * Nodules localized after a pneumothorax event occurred (n=59) were excluded. Exclusion Criteria For the Propensity Score Matching (PSM) analysis: * Nodules localized after a pneumothorax event (n=59). * Nodules that were not the first localized nodule during the POCTGL procedure (n=495). * Nodules associated with a previous ipsilateral VATS (n=16).