484 patients were asked whether they currently smoked and whether they had smoked 100 or more cigarettes during their lifetime. Based on this information, they were divided into two groups: current smokers (test group, n=242) and non-smokers (control group, n=242). Current smokers were defined as individuals who had smoked ≥100 cigarettes in their lifetime and continued smoking. In contrast, non-smokers included individuals who had smoked fewer than 100 cigarettes in their lifetime and were not currently smoking. Participants were also asked about the number of cigarettes smoked per day and the duration of smoking in years, and pack-years were calculated accordingly. Plaque index, gingival index, probing depth, bleeding on probing, gingival recession, and attachment loss were evaluated for both groups. Periodontal health status (Periodontal health, gingivitis, and periodontitis) was assessed by one clinician applying the 2017 World Workshop on Classifying Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions and the 2023 European Federation of Periodontology's Guidelines. Patients with periodontitis were classified according to stage and grade. This measurement was obtained via a calibrated UNC-15 periodontal probe at each tooth.
Age range
18 Years – 65 Years
Sex
ALL
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AI-rewrites the medical criteria so a patient or caregiver can understand them. Always confirm with the trial site.
Bring these to your next appointment. They're a starting point for a shared conversation — not a sign you qualify or a recommendation to enrol.
Generated to help you prepare — always confirm anything about your own eligibility and care with the study team and your doctor.
The trial coordinator is the person who runs the study day to day. These cover the practical side — logistics, costs, and what taking part would actually mean for your life. The study team confirms whether you meet the criteria; these are questions to ask, not a sign you qualify.
A starting point for the conversation — always confirm anything about your own eligibility, costs, and care with the study team and your doctor.
periodontal pocket depth
Timeframe: Baseline