Predictors of Contrast-induced Acute Renal Injury in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome

Inclusion Criteria: Age ≥ 18 years Diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome (STEMI or NSTEMI) confirmed by clinical, ECG, and laboratory findings Undergoing coronary angiography or percutaneous coronary intervention with intravascular contrast administration Provided informed consent to participate in the study Availability of baseline and follow-up serum creatinine values Exclusion Criteria: Known chronic kidney disease stage 4 or 5 (eGFR \< 30 mL/min/1.73 m²) or on dialysis Hemodynamic instability not related to acute coronary syndrome (e.g., septic shock) Exposure to intravenous contrast within the previous 7 days Use of nephrotoxic drugs (e.g., aminoglycosides, amphotericin B) within 72 hours prior to contrast exposure Active infection or inflammatory disease affecting renal function Pregnancy or breastfeeding Refusal or inability to provide informed consent