Optimizing the Use of Virtual Reality in Rehabilitation for Individuals With Persistent Shoulder Pain

Inclusion Criteria: * Rotator cuff-related shoulder pain (screen by phone and then confirmed by the physiotherapist at the initial evaluation: pain over the deltoid and/or upper arm region, pain associated with arm movement \[painful arc of movement\], and familiar pain reproduced with loading or resisted testing during external rotation of the arm) for at least 6 months * Minimum score of 15/100 on the shortened version of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (1.5 times the minimally clinically important difference) Exclusion Criteria: * Unavailable for the 4 weeks intervention * Cannot understand or read French * Have a diagnosis of rheumatoid, inflammatory or neurodegenerative diseases * Have received a corticosteroid injection or any other type of injection (e.g., platelet-rich plasma, prolotherapy, hyaluronic acid) in the past three months for their current condition * Have bilateral shoulder pain * Have pain in another upper limb joint * Have signs of upper (e.g., bilateral paresthesia, hyperreflexia, or spasticity) or lower (e.g., decreased sensation or strength in dermatomes and myotomes, hypotonia, or hyporeflexia) motor neuron lesions * History of shoulder surgery, dislocation, or fracture * Presence of severe osteoarthritis, symptomatic acromioclavicular joint pathology, or adhesive capsulitis (defined as restriction of passive glenohumeral movement of at least 30% for two or more directions) * Full thickness rotator cuff tear, identified by imaging o…