Efficacy Evaluation of Glimepiride in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Chronic Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction.

Inclusion criteria

• ✓. Age between 18 and 80 years old at the time of enrollment; gender is not restricted.
• ✓. Patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes according to the "Chinese Diabetes Prevention and Management Guidelines (2024 Edition)" issued by the Chinese Medical Association Diabetes Branch, with a confirmed diagnosis at least three months prior.
• ✓. According to the "Chinese Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Heart Failure (2024 Edition)" issued by the Chinese Society of Cardiology, the diagnosis is heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) or heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF), confirmed at least three months prior.
• ✓. NYHA heart failure classification stage II-IV;
• ✓. Within 12 months prior to enrollment, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was \< 50%, as determined by echocardiography, nuclear ventriculography, angiography, or cardiac magnetic resonance imaging.
• ✓. NT-proBNP levels ≥ 600 pg/mL in patients with no recent hospitalization for heart failure; NT-proBNP levels ≥ 400 pg/mL within the past 12 months due to heart failure hospitalization; NT-proBNP levels ≥ 900 pg/mL in patients with heart failure complicated by atrial fibrillation/flutter.
• ✓. Patients must have experienced stable heart failure symptoms for at least three months prior to enrollment and must have received standardized chronic heart failure therapy and guideline-directed diabetes management for no less than two weeks before enrollment, with no dose adjustments during this period.
• ✓. Participation is voluntary and requires signing an informed consent form; follow-up can extend beyond three years.

Exclusion criteria