The Role of Novel STAR Score in Intra-Abdominal Injury in Adult Blunt Abdominal Trauma Patients

Inclusion Criteria: * Adults aged 18 to 60 years with a documented history of blunt abdominal trauma. Presentation within 6 hours of sustaining the injury. Hemodynamically stable or unstable patients at the time of presentation: Stable: Normal blood pressure and heart rate, warm extremities, and capillary refill ≤2 seconds Unstable: Systolic blood pressure \<90/60 mmHg or a decrease of \>30% from baseline systolic pressure, heart rate \>100 beats per minute, cold, clammy skin, and capillary refill time \>2 seconds.. Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 15/15 on initial assessment. Exclusion Criteria: * Patients with penetrating abdominal trauma.History of pre-existing abdominal pathology that may interfere with clinical or sonographic assessment (e.g., ascites, prior major abdominal surgery, known masses). Pregnant patients. Presence of pre-existing infection or hematuria that may alter laboratory parameters. Patients undergoing cardiopulmonary resuscitation upon arrival. Mechanically ventilated patients at the time of initial assessment.