A Randomized Controlled Trial of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction for Reducing Perceived Stress in Women Impacted by Large-Scale Disasters

Inclusion Criteria: Female participants aged 18-65 years. Have been directly affected by a large-scale disaster (e.g., earthquake, flood, fire, or similar event) within the past 12-24 months. Report moderate or high perceived stress levels (Perceived Stress Scale \[PSS-10\] score ≥ 14). Able to attend weekly MBSR sessions for 8 consecutive weeks. Willing to provide written informed consent to participate in the study. Exclusion Criteria: Current diagnosis of severe psychiatric disorder (e.g., psychosis, bipolar disorder, severe major depression). Ongoing psychotherapy or psychopharmacological treatment for stress, anxiety, or depression at the time of enrollment. Prior participation in any mindfulness or meditation-based program within the last 6 months. Presence of a serious medical condition (e.g., uncontrolled hypertension, cardiovascular disease) that could interfere with participation. Pregnancy or postpartum period (\<6 months), if it affects stress levels or participation. Inability to understand study instructions or complete questionnaires in Turkish.