Magnesium-based Bioresorbable Pins for Membrane Fixation

Inclusion Criteria: * Healthy patients in the aged \> 21 years. * fully or partially edentulous with unilaterally or bilaterally missing upper premolars or molars and an insufficient residual bone height to guarantee primary stability of implants; and requiring a staged approach of SFE and implant surgery * Subject has been informed and signed the informed consent Exclusion Criteria: * Smoking more than 9 cigarettes per day * Irradiation in the maxilla-facial region, * A known metabolic skeletal disease (such as osteomalacia, osteoporosis or osteogenesis imperfecta) or medications that can affect the bone structure * Allergies / intolerances to the materials * Known malignancy * Epilepsy or anamnestic evidence of recurrent falls * Pregnancy (as contraindicated for CBCT imaging that is routinely performed) * Manifest hepato-renal disease * Inability or unwillingness to give informed consent.