Effect of Scapular Stabilization Exercises on Pain and Functional Outcomes in Subacromial Impingement Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Inclusion Criteria: * Adults aged 18 to 65 years. * Clinically diagnosed subacromial impingement syndrome (SIS) based on:positive Neer test ,positive Hawkins-Kennedy test ,painful arc between 60°-120°,pain during resisted shoulder tests * Symptoms present for at least 4 weeks. * Ability to comply with a 12-week supervised rehabilitation program. * Ability to provide written informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: * Previous shoulder surgery on the affected side. * Presence of full-thickness rotator cuff tear confirmed by ultrasound imaging. * Evidence of cervical radiculopathy or significant cervical spine pathology. * Advanced glenohumeral or acromioclavicular osteoarthritis. * History of inflammatory rheumatic diseases (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis). * Severe cardiopulmonary, neurological, or systemic conditions limiting physical activity. * Recent shoulder fracture or dislocation (\< 6 months). * Participation in another structured shoulder rehabilitation program within the last 3 months. * Pregnancy. * Inability to understand or follow instructions required for the intervention or assessments.