Postoperative Pain After Single vs Multiple-Visit Root Canal Treatment in Diabetic Patients

Inclusion Criteria:Patients aged between 12 and 60 years. Diagnosed with Type 1 or Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. In need of root canal treatment on a single-rooted tooth. A clinical diagnosis of either irreversible pulpitis or necrotic pulp in the indicated tooth. Willingness and ability to understand and provide written informed consent (and assent with parental consent for minors). \- Exclusion Criteria: * Pregnancy. Known history of allergy to local anesthetics. Presence of large periapical radiolucent lesions (typically defined as \>5mm in diameter). Current use of long-term analgesic or anti-inflammatory medication (which could alter pain perception). Teeth with complex root canal anatomy (e.g., calcified canals, C-shaped canals) that would complicate standard treatment.