Prospective Cohort Study of Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders (NMOSD)

Inclusion Criteria Inclusion Criteria for the NMOSD Patient Group * Aged 18 years or older, regardless of sex * Fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders as defined by the 2021 Chinese guidelines for the diagnosis and management of NMOSD * Seropositive for AQP4-IgG * Provided informed consent by the participant or their legal guardian Inclusion Criteria for the Healthy Control Group * Aged 18 years or older, regardless of sex * Gender- and age-matched healthy individuals * Provided informed consent by the participant or their legal guardian Exclusion Criteria * Diagnosis of other serious systemic diseases (e.g., malignancy) * Presence of severe psychiatric disorders that would preclude compliance with study procedures and/or follow-up assessments * History of infectious pathologies of the central nervous system * Those with severe liver and kidney function impairment or dysfunction of other vital organs * Patients with other conditions that do not allow participation in clinical research * Patients allergic to gadolinium-DPTA * Patients with other conditions that do not allow participation in clinical research