This study aims to evaluate the effects of a 4 month Zumba training program on cardiometabolic, hormonal, inflammatory, hepatic, renal, and functional parameters in overweight and obese women. Participants will be classified according to menopausal status (pre- or post-menopausal) and randomly assigned to an exercise group or a non-exercise control group.
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Body Mass Index (BMI)
Timeframe: Baseline and after 4 months of Zumba intervention.
Body Fat Percentage
Timeframe: Baseline and after 4 months of Zumba intervention.
Waist Circumference
Timeframe: Baseline and after 4 months of Zumba intervention.
Waist-Hip Ratio
Timeframe: Baseline and after 4 months of Zumba intervention.
Hip Circumference
Timeframe: Baseline and after 4 months of Zumba intervention.
Prolactin
Timeframe: Baseline and after 4 months of the intervention.
Testosterone
Timeframe: Baseline and after 4 months of the intervention.
Cortisol
Timeframe: Baseline and after 4 months of the intervention.
Progesterone
Timeframe: Baseline and after 4 months of the intervention.
Estradiol
Timeframe: Baseline and after 4 months of the intervention.
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
Timeframe: Baseline and after 4 months of the intervention.
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
Timeframe: Baseline and after 4 months of the intervention.
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
Timeframe: Baseline and after 4 months of the intervention.
Free Thyroxine (FT4)
Timeframe: Baseline and after 4 months of the intervention.
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
Timeframe: Baseline and after 4 months of the intervention.
Total Cholesterol
Timeframe: Baseline and after 4 months of the intervention.
High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) Cholesterol
Timeframe: Baseline and after 4 months of the intervention.
Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Cholesterol
Timeframe: Baseline and after 4 months of the intervention.
Triglycerides
Timeframe: Baseline and after 4 months of the intervention.
C-Reactive Protein (CRP)
Timeframe: Baseline and after 4 months of the intervention.
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)
Timeframe: Baseline and after 4 months of the intervention.
Complete Blood Count (CBC)
Timeframe: Baseline and after 4 months of the intervention.
Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT)
Timeframe: Baseline and after 4 months of the intervention.
Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST)
Timeframe: Baseline and after 4 months of the intervention.
Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP)
Timeframe: Baseline and after 4 months of the intervention.
Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT)
Timeframe: Baseline and after 4 months of the intervention.
Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH)
Timeframe: Baseline and after the 4 months of the intervention.
Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT)
Timeframe: Baseline and after the 4 months of the intervention.
Bilirubin Total
Timeframe: Baseline and after the 4 months of the intervention.
Bilirubin Direct
Timeframe: Baseline and after the 4 months of the intervention.
Creatinine
Timeframe: Baseline and after 4 months of the intervention.
Urea
Timeframe: Baseline and after 4 months of the intervention.
Uric Acid
Timeframe: Baseline and after 4 months of the intervention.
Sodium (Na)
Timeframe: Baseline and after 4 months of the intervention.
Potassium (K)
Timeframe: Baseline and after 4 months of the intervention.
Calcium (Ca)
Timeframe: Baseline and after 4 months of training.
Magnesium (Mg)
Timeframe: Baseline and after 4 months of training.
Phosphate (POâ‚„)
Timeframe: Baseline and after 4 months of training.
Creatine Phosphokinase (CPK)
Timeframe: Baseline and after 4 months of training.
Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH)
Timeframe: Baseline and after 4 months of training.