Comparing Staples Versus Polypropylene Sutures for Mesh Fixation in Inguinal Hernia Repair in Terms of Postoperative Pain

Inclusion Criteria: * Male patients aged 20 to 60 years. * Patients undergoing elective Lichtenstein tension-free mesh repair for unilateral, uncomplicated inguinal hernia (direct or indirect). * Body Mass Index (BMI) between 19 and 30 kg/m². * ASA physical status I, II, or III. * Patients willing to participate and provide informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: * Diabetic patients (on medical records). * Bilateral or recurrent inguinal hernia. * Complicated hernia (irreducible, obstructed, or strangulated). * Patients unwilling to participate or who fail to complete follow-up.