Effect of Stroboscopic Balance Training on Chronic Ankle Instability in Volleyball Players

Inclusion Criteria: * Were professional female volleyball players. * Had a history of at least two episodes of pain and swelling in the same ankle. * Experienced at least one ankle sprain within the last six months. * Exhibited persistent symptoms during functional activities and were free from symptoms related to any previous lower-extremity injuries. * Reported a feeling of instability in the ankle joint. * Had no other lower-extremity musculoskeletal injuries in the past six months. Exclusion Criteria: * Reported any vestibular or balance-related dysfunction. * Had any systemic disease. * Experienced an acute ankle sprain within the past six weeks. * Had a history of fractures in the lower extremities.