During cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in open-heart surgery, direct measurement of intracranial pressure is not feasible. Evaluation of the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) by ultrasonography is considered a reliable method for predicting increases in intracranial pressure. This study aims to investigate changes in ONSD in patients undergoing open-heart surgery with CPB.
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Change in Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter (ONSD)
Timeframe: From tracheal intubation (baseline) until the end of surgery (approximately 4-6 hours); measurements at six predefined time points (post-intubation, CPB initiation, 15 min, 45 min, 15 min after CPB termination, end of surgery).