Effects of Topical Lidocaine and Benzocaine on Pain Level and Injection Satisfaction

Inclusion Criteria: * Patients aged ≥18 years, * non-pregnant, not planning pregnancy, * receiving hemodialysis three times weekly for at least three months, * continuously treated at the same institution without any change in treatment regimen, * without pain in any part of the body affecting study outcomes, * with a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) pain score of zero at baseline, * no analgesics within 24 hours prior, * a baseline Algometer pressure pain threshold of 8-16 lbs. * participants were required to understand Turkish, * communicate effectively, * volunteer for the study, and * provide written informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: * Individuals with neurological disorders such as epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, or multiple sclerosis, * unable or unwilling to comply with study protocol.