The gastrointestinal tract is a complex endocrine organ that regulates a wide range of physiological processes, including those involved in the digestion of nutrients. These processes are dynamically coordinated by specialized cells within the intestinal epithelium which, upon exposure to luminal nutrients, secrete a variety of enteroendocrine hormones, such as Gastrin, Cholecystokinin, Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide, Neurotensin, Glucagon-like peptide 1, Glucagon-like peptide 2, and Peptide YY. In this study, we aim to investigate how resection of different intestinal segments affects fasting and postprandial secretion of these gut hormones, and to characterize how these secretion profiles differ compared with healthy controls. Patients with a history of intestinal resection will be included and stratified according to the intestinal segments in continuity at the time of study participation into the following anatomical groups: * Group 1A: Patients with jejunum only in continuity and a total small bowel length \<150 cm. * Group 1B: Patients with an ileostomy and a maximum resection of 30 cm of the terminal ileum. The colon is not in continuity, and the ileocecal valve is also not in continuity. * Group 2: Patients with \<150 cm jejunum anastomosed to the ascending colon or proximally in the transverse colon. * Group 3: Patients with a jejuno-ileal anastomosis, an intact ileocecal valve, and the entire colon in continuity. In addition, healthy control subjects will be included to enable comparison between patient groups and normal physiology. Fasting blood samples will be obtained after a standardized rest period, after which all participants will ingest a standardized meal within 15 minutes. Subsequently, repeated blood samples will be collected at t = 0, 10, 20, 30, 45, 60, 120, 180, and 240 minutes postprandially. Differences between groups in fasting values, area-under-the-curve (AUC), and incremental AUC, values will be calculated. Differences between anatomical groups will be analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) on log-transformed data to improve model fit. Correlations between the secretion profiles of different enteroendocrine hormones will be assessed using Pearson's r.
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Fasting and postprandial levels of entero-endocrine hormones
Timeframe: 255 minutes