Psilocybin-Assisted Therapy for the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder in Patients With Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Inclusion Criteria: * Individuals diagnosed with NSCLC, confirmed by pathology report * Have a Karnofsky performance status \>= 60 * Participants receiving chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and biologic therapies may participate while receiving those therapies if they are tolerating the therapy or treatment sufficiently to allow administration of oral psilocybin and if treatments do not result in meeting any of the medical exclusion criteria outlined below * Moderate to severe symptoms of depression (GRID Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression \[GRID-HAMD\] \> 16) * English-speaking * Over the age of 18 * Have given written informed consent * Able to read * Be judged by study team clinicians to be at low risk for suicidality, as defined by a score of =\< 2 on the Columbia- Suicide Severity rating scale (C-SSRS) ideation subscale, 0 on the behavior subscale, and by overall clinical judgment; and * Have limited lifetime use of hallucinogens (the following criteria are preferred: no use in the past 5 years; total hallucinogen use less than 10 times) Exclusion Criteria: * GENERAL MEDICAL EXCLUSION CRITERIA * Participants who are pregnant (as indicated by a positive urine pregnancy test assessed at intake and before each drug session) or nursing; participants who are of child-bearing potential and sexually active who are not practicing a highly effective means of birth control (i.e., implants, injectables, combined oral contraceptives, progestin containing intrauterine devices \[I…