This ancillary/extension study ("Wave 2") measures child development and school readiness outcomes among children residing in households within host communities that participated in the Graduation to Resilience (G2R) randomized controlled trial in Uganda (G2R trial: AEARCTR-0004080 \[AEA RCT Registry\]; Wave 1 child assessments: NCT05531812). No new randomization or intervention assignment occurs in Wave 2; rather, we assess outcomes in children linked to households in communities previously randomized in the parent study. Wave 2 expands the eligible child age range (0-9 years) and includes age-appropriate outcomes (e.g., IDELA for school readiness; Raven's Progressive Matrices and executive function tasks for older children). We will compare children in households assigned to receive the Graduation program in the parent RCT (T1) to children in pure ("spillover") control households (C2) in host communities. Primary completion is anticipated in October 2025. Pre-analysis plans for Wave 1 and Wave 2 are posted.
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Height-for-age z-score (HAZ)
Timeframe: 6 years after the introduction of Graduation
Anemia
Timeframe: 6 years after the introduction of Graduation
Forward Digit Span score
Timeframe: 6 years after the introduction of Graduation
Head-Toes-Knees-Shoulders-Revised (HTKS-R) score
Timeframe: 6 years after the introduction of Graduation
Raven's Progressive Matrices Second Edition score
Timeframe: 6 years after the introduction of Graduation
IDELA total score
Timeframe: 6 years after the introduction of Graduation
Caregiver-Reported Early Development Index (CREDI) overall z-score
Timeframe: 6 years after the introduction of Graduation