Cerebral visual impairment (CVI) is one of the leading causes of pediatric visual impairment and negatively impacts the development of motor, language, and cognitive skills. This study proposes to (1) establish a novel and easy to use CVI screening algorithm for infants and (2) develop CVI subtypes based on vision, motor, language, and cognition. The overarching goal is to identify CVI early and enhance our comprehension of CVI's impact on a child's development. The results will fundamentally change the approach to designing treatments for children with CVI.
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Preverbal Visual Assessment (PreViAs)
Timeframe: Aim 1: 6, 9, and 12 months of age (corrected age if born preterm)
Visual Acuity
Timeframe: Aim 1: If/when visual concern are indicated on the Preverbal Visual Assessment (PreViAs) screening tool and/or at 12 months age (corrected if preterm); Aim 2: At enrollment (baseline) and 12 months later
Contrast sensitivity
Timeframe: Aim 1: If/when visual concern are indicated on the Preverbal Visual Assessment (PreViAs) screening tool and/or at 12 months age (corrected if preterm); Aim 2: At enrollment (baseline) and 12 months later.
Visual Fields
Timeframe: Aim 1: If/when visual concern are indicated on the Preverbal Visual Assessment (PreViAs) screening tool and/or at 12 months age (corrected if preterm); Aim 2: At enrollment (baseline) and 12 months later
Color Vision
Timeframe: Aim 2: At enrollment (baseline) and 12 months later
Eye Motility
Timeframe: Aim 1: If/when visual concern are indicated on the Preverbal Visual Assessment (PreViAs) screening tool and/or at 12 months age (corrected if preterm); Aim 2: At enrollment (baseline) and 12 months later
Objects in motion
Timeframe: Aim 1: If/when visual concern are indicated on the Preverbal Visual Assessment (PreViAs) screening tool and/or at 12 months age (corrected if preterm); Aim 2: At enrollment (baseline) and 12 months later
Accomodation
Timeframe: Aim 1: If/when visual concerns are indicated on the Preverbal Visual Assessment (PreViAs) screening tool and/or at 12 months of age (corrected if preterm); Aim 2: At enrollment (baseline) and 12 months later.
Stereo Acuity
Timeframe: Aim 2: At enrollment (baseline) and 12 months later
Hemispatial neglect
Timeframe: Aim 2: At enrollment (baseline) and 12 months later
Object recognition
Timeframe: Aim 2: At enrollment (baseline) and 12 months later.
Optic Ataxia
Timeframe: Aim 2: At enrollment (baseline) and 12 months later
Apraxia of the upper and lower limb
Timeframe: Aim 1: If/when visual concern are indicated on the Preverbal Visual Assessment (PreViAs) screening tool and/or at 12 months age (corrected if preterm); Aim 2: At enrollment (baseline) and 12 months later
Spatial Perception
Timeframe: Aim 2: At enrollment (baseline) and 12 months later
Simultanagnosia
Timeframe: Aim 2: At enrollment (baseline) and 12 months later
Facial Recognition
Timeframe: Aim 1: If/when visual concern are indicated on the Preverbal Visual Assessment (PreViAs) screening tool and/or at 12 months age (corrected if preterm); Aim 2: At enrollment (baseline) and 12 months later
Facial Expressions
Timeframe: Aim 1: If/when visual concern are indicated on the Preverbal Visual Assessment (PreViAs) screening tool and/or at 12 months age (corrected if preterm); Aim 2: At enrollment (baseline) and 12 months later
Children's Visual Impairment Test (CVIT)
Timeframe: Aim 2: At enrollment (baseline) and 12 months later
Beery-Buktenica Developmental test of Visual Motor Integration (Beery VMI)
Timeframe: Aim 2: At enrollment (baseline) and 12 months later
CVI Range
Timeframe: Aim 2: At enrollment (baseline) and 12 months later
Austin Assessment
Timeframe: Aim 2: At enrollment (baseline) and 12 months later
A Developmental NEuroPSYchological Assessment (NEPSY) - Affect Recognition subtest
Timeframe: Aim 2: At enrollment (baseline) and 12 months later
Bayley Scale of Infant Development (BSID-IV)
Timeframe: Aim 2: Enrollment (Baseline) and 12 Months later
The Peabody Developmental Motor Scales (PDMS)
Timeframe: Aim 2: Enrollment (Baseline) and 12 Months later
Gross Motor Function Measure-66 (GMFM-66)
Timeframe: Aim 2: Enrollment (Baseline) and 12 Months later
The Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC)
Timeframe: Aim 2: At enrollment (baseline) and 12 months later
The Preschool Language Scales- 5th Edition (PLS-5)
Timeframe: Aim 2: Enrollment (Baseline) and 12 Months later
Rosetti Infant Toddler Language Scale
Timeframe: Aim 2: At enrollment (baseline) and 12 months later
Goldman Fristoe Test of Articulation (GFTA)
Timeframe: Aim 2: At enrollment (baseline) and 12 months later
The Weschler Preschool & Primary Scale of Intelligence - Fourth Edition (WPPSI-IV)
Timeframe: Aim 2: At enrollment (baseline) and 12 months later
The Leiter International Performance Scale 3 (Leiter 3)
Timeframe: Aim 2: At enrollment (baseline) and 12 months later