Effect of Stress Ball Use on Pain, Sleep Quality and Physiological Parameters

Inclusion Criteria: * Patients who agreed to participate in the study, who were older than 18 years of age, who could speak and understand Turkish, who had been treated in the ICU for at least 48 hours, who had a score of 15 on the Glasgow Coma Scale and a score of 2 on the Ramsey Sedation Scale, who were extubated, who had not received intravenous sedation and anaesthetic drugs for the last 12 hours, who could communicate meaningfully, and who did not have a physical disability in squeezing the stress ball were included in the study. Exclusion Criteria: * Patients using antihypertensive, beta blockers and similar drugs, experiencing situations that would cause them to leave the study (death, transfer to another unit, discharge or unwillingness to continue the study, etc.), receiving inotropic treatment (dopamine, steradine and others), patients with hearing and vision problems, patients treated with a diagnosis of sleep disorder, patients with a diagnosis of depression and anxiety disorder and treated with this diagnosis, patients with analgesic treatment in routine treatment were excluded from the study.