Hybrid Autologous Breast Augmentation in Mastopexy With Internal BRA Fixation; Using Local Breast Tissues and Fat Grafting

Plain-language summary

The breast is a very important organ for women's self-esteem and is regarded as a symbol of femininity. Deviations from normal size, shape, and symmetry are interpreted as unattractive and a sign of aging. Far from posing merely a cosmetic problem, such deviations deeply disturb both the patient's perception of her body and her emotional balance. The first breast surgeries started as early as the 6th century, yet the aesthetic breast surgeries and specifically mastopexy techniques were first recorded in the 19th century in parallel with the evolution of reduction mammaplasty. Most of these techniques involved suspension targeting breast mound elevation. Breast ptosis refers to the downward displacement of the nipple-areola complex (NAC) below the inframammary fold (IMF), commonly due to aging, pregnancy, weight fluctuations, and genetics. It's caused by loss of skin elasticity, stretching of Cooper's ligaments, parenchymal involution, and genetic factors. The degree of ptosis can be categorized by the Regnault classification, which assesses the breast according to the relative position of the nipple to the inframammary fold (IMF): Grade 1: Mild ptosis - The nipple is at the level of the IMF. Grade 2: Moderate ptosis - The nipple is below the level of the IMF but is not the most dependent part of the breast. Grade 3: Severe ptosis - The nipple is below the IMF and is the most dependent part of the breast. Pseudoptosis designates a breast configuration in which the nipple is located above or at the level of the IMF, most of the breast is well below the IMF, and the nipple-to-IMF distance is often greater than 6 cm. Mastopexy procedures are similar and traditionally derived from reduction procedures, involving skin resection with no or minimal parenchymal resection. There are three main surgical goals that should be attained to correct breast ptosis and give a firm aesthetic breast shape. These include nipple areola complex (NAC) elevation, skin envelope excess management and breast reshaping. Breast flaps and parenchymal shaping manoeuvres can help auto augmentation correct any shape defects, Hence come the idea of autogenous internal bra mastopexy technique. The term 'internal bra' refers to a range of techniques that aim to stabilise the position of the breast and improve longevity of surgical results. They can be categorised into 5 groups: mesh techniques, acellular dermal matrix (ADMs) techniques, suture techniques, dermal flap techniques, and muscle techniques. In this study, the investigators address one of the dermal flap techniques. Dermal flaps have two key advantages compared to meshes and ADMs, the first of which is that they are low cost due to their autologous nature The fact that they utilise the patient's own tissue also means they are not associated with an increased risk of infection or immunological reaction, which is their second main advantage. There are many different types of pedicled flaps in mastopexy as medial, superior and superomedial flaps. But in this study, the investigators use the superior pedicelled flap with inferior dermal flap described by Liacyr Ribeiro. This flap can be better mobilized than any of the other flaps, and the breast and the flap move together. The flap does not heal to pectoralis fascia; rather, the anterior surface of the flap heals to the posterior surface of the pedicle. Later, if the patient decides to have an implant, there is still a good plane between the pectoralis fascia and the inferior flap. This plane could be filled by sub pectoral fascia fat grafting. Autologous augmentation mastopexy may seem the most suitable technique for ptotic small sized breasts. But it has some drawbacks on the long term, such as upper pole hollowness. This issue can also be addressed by upper pole fullness by fat grafting. So, in this research, the investigators do autologous internal bra mastopexy with fat grafting in two planes: Sub- fascial level for augmentation and subcutaneous level for upper pole fullness. The investigators assess the result by taking pre and post operative breast measurements and photographs. The investigators also assess participants' satisfaction level and possible complication.

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