Synergistic Effect of Intravenous Lidocaine on Anesthetic Induction and Emergence in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy or Gynecological Surgery

Inclusion Criteria: * Adults aged 18 to 75 years. * ASA physical status I-III. * Scheduled for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy, laparoscopic * hysterectomy, or laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy. * Expected surgical duration \< 120 minutes. * Preoperative normal cognitive function (MoCA \> 26). * Able and willing to provide written informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: * Known allergy to lidocaine or other amide-type local anesthetics. * History of severe arrhythmias, heart failure (NYHA class III or higher), or epilepsy. * Central nervous system disorders (e.g., stroke, brain trauma, seizure disorders) or psychiatric illness. * Severe hepatic or renal dysfunction (ALT/AST \> 2× ULN, or eGFR \< 60 ml/min/1.73 m²). * Currently taking medications that affect CNS function (e.g., benzodiazepines, antidepressants, antiepileptics). * Pregnant or breastfeeding women. * History of drug or alcohol dependence. * BMI \> 30 kg/m² or \< 18 kg/m². * Inability to understand study procedures or refusal to sign informed consent.