3D Modeling for Detecting Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer With Positive Circumferential Resection Margin

Inclusion Criteria: * Diagnosed with rectal cancer, clinical stage II-III, with no distant metastasis (M0) * Age over 18 years, with adequate physical status classified as American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) I-III, capable of receiving treatment and surgery * No history of other malignancies or major diseases affecting study assessment within the past three years. * Complete medical records, including available CT and MRI imaging. Exclusion Criteria: * Patients with clinical stage I or IV rectal cancer. * Age under 18 years, or physical status not meeting American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) I-III criteria, unable to undergo surgery or related treatment. * Presence of other major diseases or malignancies affecting tumor assessment (e.g., diagnosis of another malignancy within the past three years, uncontrolled cardiovascular disease). * Incomplete medical records or imaging data, including missing required CT or MRI images.