Is Mentalization-based Therapy More Effective Than Treatment-as-usual for Adolescents With Dissocial Disorders?

Inclusion Criteria: * Primary diagnosis of Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) / Conduct-dissocial disorder (CDD) (ICD-11: 6C90-6C91; ICD-10: F91.0-F91.9; DSM-5: 312.81, 313.81) * Aged 12 to 19 years * Living with their parents * Provide written informed consent (plus parental consent for minors) * At least one parent provides written informed consent and agrees to active participation in treatment and study, including randomization Exclusion Criteria: * Severe acute substance dependence requiring inpatient detoxification * Acute psychotic symptoms or early-onset schizophrenia * Neurological impairments or intellectual disability (IQ \< 80) * Insufficient proficiency in German * Other clinical contraindications for outpatient psychotherapy (e.g., acute suicidality)