Primary Stability and Peri-implant Outcomes of Short Implants in Post-extraction Single-tooth Sites

Inclusion Criteria: * Age ≥18 years. * Single-tooth post-extraction sites requiring immediate implant placement in posterior regions (premolars/molars) or selected anterior sites. * Planned short implant (≤7-8 mm length, 3.5-5.0 mm diameter). * Adequate oral hygiene, no active periodontal disease. * Written informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: * Heavy smoking (\>20 cigarettes/day). * Uncontrolled diabetes or systemic conditions affecting bone healing. * Current bisphosphonate/antiresorptive therapy. * Immunosuppression, pregnancy. * Poor oral hygiene or acute infection at site. * Severe bone dehiscence preventing primary stability.