In recent years, with the active application of clinical monitoring and treatment methods, the survival rate of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) has improved, but still a certain proportion of patients develop chronic and disabling neurological deficits, namely delayed ischemic neurological deficits (DIND). The incidence of DIND is not clear, and the causes are diverse. Symptomatic vasospasm is only one of the possible causes, and early diagnosis is difficult. Up to now, there is no gold standard for diagnosis and no relevant treatment guidelines. Given these reasons, this study intends to conduct a prospective multicenter observational study to collect relevant information on diagnostic methods (neurological symptoms in clinical examinations or changes in monitoring by instruments) and treatment methods, describe the incidence of delayed cerebral ischemia (DIND) in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), evaluate the different treatment strategies adopted by participating centers, and compare these strategies in terms of mortality and short-term and long-term neurological outcomes, and describe the indications, usefulness, and treatment intensity of intracranial pressure monitoring of the brain parenchyma during SAH in patients. Study design: This study is a multicenter, prospective, observational study. The study subjects are patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage as the primary diagnosis, admitted to the intensive care unit and receiving treatment. The treatment of patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and delayed cerebral ischemia (DIND) is the responsibility of the professional medical and surgical teams of each center. Study period: The enrollment period is 12 months from the start of ethical approval, and the follow-up period is 12 months after the onset. Inclusion criteria: ①Age ≥ 18 years; ② Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (confirmed by DSA/CTA); ③ Admitted to the intensive care unit; ④ Signed informed consent. Exclusion criteria: ①Unidentified cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage (no visible aneurysm); ② Traumatic SAH; ③ Complicated with brain tumors or arteriovenous malformations. Endpoints: Primary endpoints: The occurrence of suspected DIND: Whether it is indicated by neurological clinical examination (such as the patient being conscious or in a light sedated state), or by the monitoring of instruments (if clinical examination is impossible), suggesting the possibility of DIND, regardless of whether there is imaging confirmation or not, can be considered as suspected DIND. Secondly endpoints: - The clinical application of diagnostic and monitoring methods in the identification and management of DIND in patients with aSAH. * Evaluation of mortality and neurological functional prognosis (GOSE and mRS) at 6 months and 12 months after onset. * Comparison of changes in intracranial pressure (ICP) in patients with ICP monitoring and the intensity of the treatment received (Therapy Intensity Level, TIL). Sample size: The enrollment will be as much as possible during the enrollment period (totally approximately 1000 cases).
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Incidence of DIND in patients with SAH, where-after excluding other possible causes such as hydrocephalus, seizures, rebleeding, and hyponatremia.
Timeframe: From Day 1 to one month