Pulmonary artery catheters (PACs) that called Swan-Ganz catheters provide valuable information in select patient's especially pulmonary hypertension patiens. PACs are indicated for assessment of cardiopulmonary hemodynamics in specific groups of patients presenting with pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary embolism or shock \[1\]. They can be inserted at bedside under sterile conditions and provide valuable information that can add benefit for measures recorded with transthoracic echocardiography. The advancement of PACs in a patient is usually performed by flotation of a balloon tipped catheter under pressure waveform guidance. The balloon tip floats in blood and is directed into the pulmonary artery by the normal flow from superior vena cava and through the right heart chambers into pulmonary artery. The correct positioning is needed for safe use and accurate cardiopulmonary hemodynamics measurement. The use of blind approach of insertion can be challenging in patients with slow blood flow as pulmonary hypertension patients. The abnormal flow can induce the PAC to coil in cardiac chambers such as right atrium and right ventricle or be misdirected to the inferior vena cava. Repeated attempts to retract and redirect the catheter can increase the risk of complications and should be avoided \[2\]. The use of fluoroscopic guidance persists in these cases. Fluoroscopy when used alongside pressure waveform analysis has been noted to reduce the time to wedge, number of attempts and composite complication rate in patients undergoing pulmonary hemodynamic assessment. Also, fluoroscopy provides real time visualization that can lead to reduction of catheter malposition and ventricular arrhythmias. Unfortunately, it is not available in all pulmonary hypertension units for bedside insertion and hemodynamics evaluation. The use of fluoroscopy can led to unnecessary radiation exposure to both the patient and the procedure team. Sonographic guided pulmonary catheter insertion is interesting technique ; however it still needed to be studied in pulmonary hypertension patients in pulmonary hypertension unit
Sex
ALL
See this in plain English?
AI-rewrites the medical criteria so a patient or caregiver can understand them. Always confirm with the trial site.
Bring these to your next appointment. They're a starting point for a shared conversation — not a sign you qualify or a recommendation to enrol.
Generated to help you prepare — always confirm anything about your own eligibility and care with the study team and your doctor.
The trial coordinator is the person who runs the study day to day. These cover the practical side — logistics, costs, and what taking part would actually mean for your life. The study team confirms whether you meet the criteria; these are questions to ask, not a sign you qualify.
A starting point for the conversation — always confirm anything about your own eligibility, costs, and care with the study team and your doctor.
Success rate** of PAC placement using ultrasound guidance alone
Timeframe: procedure time from starting patient puncture till procedure end (PAC)