Diaphragmatic Ultrasound and Thoracic Fluid Content for Prediction of Non-Invasive Ventilation Failure in Neonates

Inclusion Criteria: * Preterm neonates of both sexes, with gestational ages ranging from 28 to 34 weeks, diagnosed with RDS and requiring non-invasive ventilation within 30 minutes of birth Exclusion Criteria: * Exclusion criteria included intubation in the delivery room, complex congenital heart disease, major congenital anomalies in the lungs or airways, and other causes of respiratory distress unrelated to RDS.